Sometimes when we fall while playing or have an accident, a bone in our arm or leg may get broken. This is called a ‘fracture’ of the bone. A fracture in a bone causes severe and unbearable pain and the part with the broken bone swells immediately.
After going to the hospital, an ‘X-ray’ image is taken of the part which is swollen.An X-ray image shows whether a bone is broken and also the exact spot where it is broken. This helps in providing the proper treatment. ‘X-rays’ were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
To treat the broken bone a plaster is been applied on the broken bone so that the bone is rejoined again. It takes nearly 3 months for the broken bone to join again.
The human skeleton is a protective shell for all the internal organs. The various organs are safe within the body cavity because of the bony human skeleton. The system which gives a definite shape to the body, provides support and protects the delicate organs inside the body is the skeletal system.
Bones provide the structure for our bodies. A baby's body has about 300 bones at birth.The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. In the human body, the longest and strongest bone is the thigh bone(the femur bone). The femur is around 17 inches long in length. The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes. Which is situated in the ear. The size of the stape bone is 3 x 5 mm.
All the bones in our body are not of the same shape. Every bone is different. All the bones together form a framework or skeleton. The skeleton gives a shape to the body. Bones are hard. They are not flexible.Bones are composed of two main constituents. Bone cells are biotic, while calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, minerals and salts are the abiotic constituents of bones. Calcium imparts strength to the bones.
There are four types of bones in Human Body:
1. Flat Bone: There are flat bones in the skull, the thoracic cage, and the pelvis. The function of flat bones is to protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs. Flat bones are somewhat flattened, and can provide protection, like a shield; flat bones can also provide large areas of attachment for muscles.
2. Long Bone: The long bones, longer than they are wide, include the femur. Long bones function to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement. Long bones are mostly located in the skeleton and include bones in the lower limbs and bones in the upper limbs.
3. Short Bone: Short bones are about as long as they are wide. Located in the wrist and ankle joints, short bones provide stability and some movement. They are found in the wrist and in the ankles.
4. Irregular Bone: Irregular bones vary in shape and structure. They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs. For example, irregular bones of the vertebral column, protect the spinal cord. The irregular bones of the pelvis protect organs in the pelvic cavity.
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